Human Body – Page 79

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Comparing Preferences for Pain or Gain

May 3, 2006

A group of researchers published in the Journal of Political Economy introduced the idea economic loss and gain incentives are innate, not learned. To demonstrate this concept, the researchers presented capuchin monkeys two opportunities leading to two different outcomes for the monkey: pain or gain. The capuchin monkeys had a tendency to choose the opportunity […]

Human Body

Can We Not Perform Similar Functions?

May 3, 2006

Researchers from King’s College London claim their data evidences the “Human [thyroid] gland probably evolved from gills.”1 According to speculation, gills were internalized as the thyroid gland when marine life evolved into land animals. The possibility for this comes from the similar functions of gills and of the gland: both act as calcium level controls. […]

Health

No Pain, No Gain Explained: Lactic Acid Supercharges Your Engines

April 21, 2006

The old paradigm: lactic acid buildup during exercise is like poison to your muscles, producing stiffness and agony. The new paradigm: lactic acid is your friend, a fuel additive that helps keep your mitochondrial motors in top-notch condition. Read all about it in a press release from UC Berkeley. What are you waiting for? It’s […]

Amazing Facts

In Praise of Fat

March 6, 2006

Well, great balls of fat. Cells have spherical globs of lipid (fat) molecules that never had gotten much attention nor respect. They have been called lipid droplets, oil bodies, fat globules and other names suggesting they were just the beer bellies of the cell. Not any more. Scientists have been taking a closer look at […]

Amazing Facts

Why You Have Snail Shells in Your Ears

February 28, 2006

The inner ear has a part, the cochlea, that resembles a snail shell. Why is that? First, let’s talk about iPods and stereos. In recent years, manufacturers have hyped “mega-bass” and other buzzwords that boast about how their devices beef up the bass frequency for that sound that rocks. Scientists have wondered if the cochlea […]

Human Body

Space Travel Too Hazardous for Humans

February 1, 2006

Astronomy magazine’s March 2006 issue contains a couple of sobering articles for those who like to dream of humans mastering the universe. Asking “Will moon dust stop NASA?”, Trudy E. Bell described the dangers of space dust: “it sticks to spacesuits, wreaks havoc on equipment, and may be physically harmful,” she wrote, citing the experiences […]

Early Man

Where Did Humans Learn Geometry?

January 22, 2006

In Plato’s dialogue Meno, Socrates illustrated his view that certain foundations of knowledge are innate rather than learned.1 He took an untutored slave boy and, with a series of sketches in the sand, got the boy to deduce the Pythagorean Theorem by his own reasoning (see Encarta). In a modern version, Harvard scientists […]

Amazing Facts

Why Your Brain Has Gray Matter, and Why You Should Use It

January 13, 2006

Vertebrate brains have an outer layer of “gray matter” over the inner “white matter.” Why is this? “By borrowing mathematical tools from theoretical physics,” a press release from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory announced, two researchers found out. Based on no fewer than 62 mathematical equations and expressions, the theory provides a possible explanation for the […]

Human Body

These Feet Were Made for Walking (and Running)

January 5, 2006

We usually walk or run. When walking, we roll from heel to arch to toe and rock our arms back and forth. When running, we bounce up and down slightly while pumping our arms. Did you know that many other gaits are possible? Why do we use only two? A team of specialists in bio-robotics […]

Human Body

How You Tune In

December 5, 2005

Studies on rats have shown there are certain neurons that respond to changes in the background sound (see LiveScience story on MSNBC News). We humans probably have these, too. Rather than firing continuously, they search for changes in the auditory landscape that might be of interest: changes in pitch, loudness or duration in single sounds […]

Human Body

Eyesight: More Reasons to Be Thankful

November 24, 2005

So much is going on in your body when you look at that sliced turkey and raise it to your salivating mouth, a human mind can only fathom bits and pieces of the story. Everyone knows the eye is the quintessential example of a complex organ, but Current Biology1 focused on one of the wonders […]

Biomimetics

Living Wonders at a Glance

November 4, 2005

Here is an assortment of recently-reported biological marvels at the cellular level. Researchers into creation and evolution explanations may wish to delve into these more deeply. Clock Conductor: The brain is a “time machine,” reports EurekAlert on research at Duke University about the human biological clock. Each structure in the brain has a resonant frequency […]

Cell Biology

Red Blood Cells Are Master Contortionists

October 28, 2005

Biophysicists have analyzed why red blood cells are able to squeeze through tight spaces on their journeys through our tissues, reports the UCSD Jacobs School of Engineering. Their membranes contain a network of 33,000 hexagons arranged in a complex geodesic dome formation. Each hexagon vertex is joined with flexible lines to a central maypole-like proto-filament, […]

Dumb Ideas

Are Brains Evolving Bigger, or Fatter?

September 9, 2005

Two papers in Science Sept. 9 claimed that human brains may still be evolving. According to the authors, two genes related to brain size appear to be under “positive selection” in certain people groups. One team said their variant occurred the same time as the emergence of art, music, religious practices and sophisticated tool use, […]

Human Body

How Proteins Build Teeth Like Glass on a Mattress

September 2, 2005

Here’s something to chew on. Tooth enamel is hard, like crystal, but is bound to dentin underneath, which is pliable, like a mattress. Your teeth can last a lifetime only because the ceramic-like enamel is cemented to a foundation of softer dentin, and because both of these materials are built to the right hardness specs […]

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