John Herschel, astronomer like his father William, became the most eminent scientist in Britain during the first half of the 19th century, and a highly respected philosopher of science. Though a devout Christian and creationist himself, he had a flaw in his theology that contributed to the rise of scientific materialism.

One of the most prominent scientific geniuses of the 17th century, Christiaan Huygens would be known as an “intelligent design” scientist if he lived today. Plants and animals are very different from inanimate matter, he argued, because "everything in them is so exactly adapted to some design, every part of them so fitted to its proper life, that they manifest an Infinite Wisdom." Inventor of the pendulum clock and early proponent of the wave theory of light, Huygens was well-connected as a member of the Paris Academy, but rejected the rationalistic agnosticism in those circles. His prestige was commemorated on the Huygens Probe that landed on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005, a moon that he had discovered 350 years earlier in 1655.

A contemporary of Galileo, Kepler, Bacon, Descartes and Shakespeare, William Harvey is another important figure in the establishment of the scientific method, this time in the field of medicine. His claim to fame is for demonstrating the circulation of the blood and the action of the heart as a pump driving this circulation.

First to turn a telescope to the heavens; discoverer of sunspots, lunar craters, stars within the Milky Way, the phases of Venus, and the four large satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean satellites in his honor); staunch proponent of experiment over authority, discoverer of laws of falling bodies (in the process disproving Aristotle’s contention that heavier bodies fall faster), popularizer and publisher, mathematician, his work is of monumental importance in the history of science. Like his contemporary Johannes Kepler, Galileo wanted his work to glorify God, and believed that the study of the heavens was a worthy method of doing so. He praised God for the privilege of being the first to see new wonders above through his telescope.

The father of stellar astronomy and the pride of the English in the late 18th to early 19th centuries was neither English nor a scientist originally, but a German-born immigrant musician, and a Jewish Christian. Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel (called William Herschel in his adopted country) was a pioneer of the heavens, taking Galileo’s early attempts at sky surveying to grand lengths. Patrick Moore considers Herschel the greatest observer who ever lived. William Herschel became a leading natural philosopher and a friend of kings and intellectuals, yet he was described as a man of devout, yet simple Christian faith. As such, he continued the tradition of empirical science motivated by the Christian world view.

William Kirby is considered the Father of Entomology, the study of insects. From 1815 to 1826, with William Spence, he authored a four-volume encyclopedia of insects that is considered the foundational text on the subject.

His scientific work alone puts him in a triumvirate with Newton and Einstein, but no matter what other way you examine his life – intellect, personality, creativity, wit, work ethic, Christian character, integrity, breadth and depth of knowledge and accomplishments – Maxwell comes out on top. He pursued science with exuberance, and with grace and charm and unselfishness, giving glory to God. In his too-brief life of 48 years, Maxwell changed the world. Do you use a cell phone? A GPS unit? A remote control for your TV? A radio? Television? You owe these inventions in large part to Maxwell. Radar, satellite, spacecraft and aircraft communications – any and every means of transferring information through thin air or the vacuum of space, comes out of his work. The inventors of all these devices all built on Maxwell’s exceptional discoveries in electromagnetism, discoveries that required the best in experimental method with the best in mathematics and theory. Maxwell discovered many things, as we shall see, but his crowning achievement was the summation of all electromagnetic phenomena in four differential equations, appropriately named Maxwell’s Equations in his honor. These equations, that express natural laws, not only brought together all the work of Faraday, Ohm, Volta, Ampere, and everyone else who had studied the curious properties of electricity and magnetism, but made an absolutely astounding and important prediction: that light itself was an electromagnetic wave, and through manipulation of electromagnetic waves, it might be possible to transmit information through empty space. Thus, our modern world.

George Young was a competent geologist during the time when Lyell’s uniformitarianism was becoming accepted. Young defended a young earth and a world-wide flood. He was the author of a major work on this subject, Scriptural Geology (1838), in which he discussed evidences, philosophical and theological reasons for rejecting long ages and taking the Bible’s history of the earth seriously.

William Thomson, known by the more familiar title "Lord Kelvin,” was the most eminent scientist of his day in the British Isles. Professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at the University of Glasgow in Scotland for over 50 years, Lord Kelvin was largely responsible for the rise of engineering, taking the meteoric discoveries being made by 19th century scientists to practical uses for man. A strong Bible believer and creationist, he gave Charles Darwin headaches with scientific arguments he and his "Darwinian fraternity" could not answer about the age of the earth. His strong credentials made him a formidable foe to the Darwinists, yet they could not answer his science or disparage his honor. Charles Darwin himself died without ever getting a credible comeback argument. Largely dismissed today, Thomson's arguments deserve to be understood correctly. His philosophy of science would also do much to undermine the rampant storytelling by today's materialistic Darwinians.

Mortimer Adler was one of the great intellectual giants of the 20th century. Among his credits were Chairman of the Board of the Encyclopedia Britannica and compiler of the Great Books of the Western World. Scroll down to "See All" for the Index of Scientist Biographies.

One of America’s greatest surgeons and gynecologists, Howard Atwood Kelly was one of the “big four” who led the Johns Hopkins Medical School from its inception to a leading institution of the world. He was also a devout, Bible-believing Christian who put its teachings into the fabric of his life.

Like Euler, Thomas Young was one of those rare individuals with such awesome intellectual powers it makes one marvel at the potential in one human brain. And if one thinks intelligence leads to skepticism, Young would disagree. He maintained his childlike faith and moral uprightness throughout his all-to-brief life of 56 years.

A. E. Wilder-Smith was one of few scientists in the world to have three earned doctorates. He was an influential apologist for intelligent design before that term became a movement. As a highly qualified organic chemist, A. E. Wilder-Smith was uniquely positioned to critique so-called “chemical evolution.” This kindly gentleman was merciless in his attacks on Miller, Oparin, Fox and other evolutionists who claimed to be making progress explaining life’s origin by chance and necessity. His effectiveness stemmed not from vituperative ability or rhetoric, but rather – because of his intimate acquaintance with the facts of chemistry – from calm, rational dismantling of the philosophical and scientific assumptions underlying his opponents’ errors: i.e., from scientific arguments that could not be denied by any knowledgeable chemist.

Sir Isaac Newton is the scientist par excellence, and he was strongly motivated by his Biblical beliefs. In fact, he felt he was personally involved in fulfilling the prophecy of Daniel 12:4: “Many shall go to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased.”

He has been called the Father of British Natural History. He influenced Linnaeus, John Wesley and William Paley. He compiled a monumental catalog of plants through his own field work, and was the greatest authority of his day in both botany and zoology. And one of his great works was titled, "The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation."